随着健康意识的提高，越来越多的老年人加入了晨练大军。老年人适当锻炼，经常参加一些户外活动，有利于气血通畅，增强自身免疫力，提高体适能。但是一定要根据自身的身体状况和气候条件科学锻炼。
With the improvement of health awareness, more and more elderly people have joined the morning exercise army. Elderly people should exercise appropriately and participate in outdoor activities regularly, which is beneficial for promoting blood circulation, enhancing their immune system, and improving physical fitness. But it is necessary to exercise scientifically based on one's own physical condition and climate conditions.
起早锻炼有风险
Exercising early in the morning carries risks
1、诱发呼吸系统疾病：冬季的早晨空气污浊，在低温无风的条件下，一些污染物在低空徘徊不易扩散，只有当太阳升起地表温度升高以后，大气中污染物才会由低空向高空扩散。冬季老年人过早起床到室外锻炼，会吸入空气中的有害物质，容易诱发支气管炎、肺炎等诸多呼吸系统疾病。
1. Inducing respiratory system diseases: In winter mornings, the air is polluted, and under low temperature and no wind conditions, some pollutants linger in low altitude and are difficult to spread. Only when the sun rises and the surface temperature rises, can pollutants in the atmosphere diffuse from low altitude to high altitude. In winter, elderly people who wake up early and exercise outdoors can inhale harmful substances in the air, which can easily trigger various respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
2、诱发心脑血管疾病：冬天气候寒冷，是心脑血管疾病的高发季节，其中不少患者就是因为锻炼不当而发病。心脑血管疾病发病时间多在早晨，尤其是在寒冬，70%以上的急性心血管病患者在早晨6~8点发病。清晨人体的生理功能处于一天中的*潮，冬季室内外温差大，起床后从室内立即到室外，机体很难适应温差的巨大变化。特别是老年人血管弹性差，多数伴有血管硬化和血管狭窄，冷空气的突然刺激使交感神经系统兴奋性增高，体内儿茶酚分泌增多，促使肢体血管收缩，心率加快，心脏工作负荷增大，耗氧量增多，心肌就容易缺血缺氧，严重者会诱发心绞痛、心肌梗死。研究发现，有77%的心肌梗死患者、54%的冠心病患者对天气变化很敏感。另外，经过一夜睡眠，机体处于失水状态，清晨低温又使血小板易于凝聚，血液粘稠度增大，容易形成血栓，这也是导致急性心梗的重要原因，尤其是对于本身就有心脑血管疾病史的老年人，严重时会造成猝死。
2. Inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Winter is a cold season with a high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and many patients develop symptoms due to improper exercise. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases often occur in the morning, especially in the cold winter. More than 70% of acute cardiovascular disease patients develop symptoms between 6 and 8 o'clock in the morning. In the early morning, the physiological functions of the human body are at the peak of the day. In winter, there is a large temperature difference between indoors and outdoors. After waking up, it is difficult for the body to adapt to the huge changes in temperature difference from indoors to outdoors. Especially in elderly people, the elasticity of blood vessels is poor, most of which are accompanied by vascular sclerosis and stenosis. The sudden stimulation of cold air increases the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system, increases the secretion of catechins in the body, promotes vasoconstriction of limbs, increases heart rate, increases cardiac workload, and oxygen consumption, making the myocardium prone to ischemia and hypoxia. In severe cases, it can lead to angina and myocardial infarction. A study found that 77% of myocardial infarction patients and 54% of coronary heart disease patients are sensitive to weather changes. In addition, after a night's sleep, the body is in a state of dehydration. The low temperature in the morning makes platelets more prone to aggregation, increases blood viscosity, and easily forms blood clots, which is also an important cause of acute myocardial infarction, especially for elderly people with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which can cause sudden death in severe cases.